Armenia Armenian
The World’s Oldest Winery
Regularly referenced in its Greco-Roman classical drama and literature, we often take wine growing to be phenomenon that began Europe. But like so many important European institutions (language, religion), the true originator of wine came from further east. At sometime between 8000 and 6000 BCE, grapes were being fermented in Iran, Georgia and Armenia: this is something archaeologists have been sure of for some time. Traces of wine residues were found on some 8000 year old Georgian vessels a few years ago. But a recent discovery in a cave in Armenia is exciting proof that the process was practiced on an industrial scale.
Whilst hardly on the scale of modern Sauvignon Blanc Wine production, the discovery of the world’s first winery is important to our understanding of the industry’s origins and methodical evolution. The Armenian cave winery is at least 1000 years older than any previously known example. Several Fermentation vats, storage jars and even a stone wine press were found in the cave, in situ but heavily damaged by the years. It is unlikely that the winery existed for a commercial purpose, however. Because the winery has been found in close proximity to an ancient cemetery, it is supposed that the wine was used ceremonially. This is also hinted at by the analysis of residues and plant matter in and round the items, which suggest the wine was red.
White wine , alternatively, seems to be a later innovation (or, the archaeological evidence has been found to date it only from 3000 BC). Even before the Christian tradition of using red wine in communion, red wine has played an important part in religious ceremony. White wines, such as Gewurztraminer wine, appear to have originated only within the last two thousand years, with most grown in the middle ages. However, there are clear genetic links with modern wine back to these classical wines. The Armenian vine (Vitis vinifera) is still in use today, and the paper discusses the use of merlot and cabernet sauvignon grapes in the local area.
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